| Early Period Communist currency in China | Issuing Banks: 1927-1935 |
The Early Period describes banknotes issued before the Long March (1927-1935).
The Chinese Soviet Republic (founded 1931) were mostly self-governing hard to reach areas led by Mao Zi Dong and were made up of peasants. Very early coins and few banknotes made in this period (1927-1935) had Workers and Peasants Bank or Chinese Soviet Republic, in Chinese, labelled on them, with hammer and sickle symbols. Banknotes issued during this period were issued by entities that included the province name (ex. Hubei and Hunan), followed by workers and farmers bank all in Chinese characters. Many banknotes from 1932-1935 were labelled Chinese Soviet Republic National Bank, all in Chinese characters. Some of these banknotes featured a picture of Lenin, Marx, or Stalin on them, and some were even made of cloth. The Soviet Union tried and failed at that time tried to recruit Sun Yat Sen to spread communism and influence the urban industrial workers, because China at that time were mostly peasants, unlike in Soviet Union. After the Long March (in 1935), all Communist currency started using paper only (with few or no coins). Because early paper were of very low quality, many banknotes were also printed on cloth.
Provinces
|
- Hunan-Hubei-Jiangxi
- Kiangsi worker's and Farmer's Bank
- Northwest Kiangsi Soviet Bank
- Hunan-Hupeh-Kiangsi Worker's and Farmer's Bank
- Ping-chiang Worker's and Farmer's Bank
- Hunan-Kiangsi Worker's and Farmer's Bank
- Liu Yang Worker's and Farmer's Bank
- Hubei
- East Hupeh Bank
- Hunan-Hupeh Soviet Bank
- Wanzai Workers, Farmers and Soldier's Bank
- Hupeh Worker's and Farmer's Bank
- Southeast Hupeh Workers, Farmers and Soldier's Bank
- Southeast Hupeh Workers and Farmer's Bank
- East Hupeh Workers and Farmer's Bank
- Fujian-Zhejiang-Jiangxi
- Western Fukien Workers and Farmer's Bank
- Fukien-Chekiang-Kiangsi Soviet Bank
- Fukien-Chekiang-Kiangsi Soviet Bank, North Fukian Bank
- Jiangxi-Hunan-Anhui
Kiangsi-Hunan-Anhwei Soviet Workers and Farmers Bank
- Hubei-Henan-Anhui
- O-Yu-Wan Area Soviet Bank
- Hupeh-Honan-Anhwei Soviet Bank
- Hupeh-Honan-Anhwei Soviet Workers and Farmer's Bank
- Anhui
- Northwest Anhwei Special District Soviet Bank
- Chinese Soviet Republic
- Chinese Soviet Republic National Bank
- Hunan-Guangxi
- Chinese Soviet Republic Bank of Kwangsi
- Sichuan-Shaanxi
- Szechuan-Shensi Soviet Workers and Farmer's Bank
- Bank of Soviet Szechuan-Shensi Provincial workers and Farmers
- Chinese Soviet Republic Szechuan-Shensi Provincial Workers and Farmer's Bank
- Worker and Peasant's Bank
- Unknown
- Yang Xin Hsien Farmer's Bank
|
| Middle Period Communist currency in China | Issuing Banks: 1936-1945 |
The Middle Period describes banknotes issued after the Long March until the end of War War II (1936-1945).
After the Long March, most of the Communist forces were in Yan'an city of Shaanxi. During this time, there was a period of cooperation between the Communists and the Nationalist to drive
out the Japanese invasion. As a condition of cooperation, some troops of Mao Zi Dong were under control of the Nationalist, and for a brief period between 1936-1937 the Communists
agreed to stop printing their own version of currency separate from those printed by the Nationalists. Many issuing banks during this period feature the words "Border Area" in their names, indicating that the region it was issued was "bordering" Japanese occupied territory, but was under Communist control. The paper quality were much better during this period, and many banknotes during this era survive to today. The 7 banks in red indicate banks that survive this middle period and continue issuing currency during the beginning of the later period (civil war between Nationalist and Communists). Note that Suiyuan province and Chahar province no longer exist and both are now part of Inner Mongolia (Neimenggu province of China). Many of the bank names refer to provinces and not cities. For example, Bank of Chinan (Chinese Post Office System romanization) translates to Bank of Southern Hebei, and Chinan is actually pronounced and romanized Jinan in modern PinYin. It should not be confused with the capital city of Shandong province (also called Chinan, or Jinan in PinYin). Another famous bank is Bank of Bai Hai (Bank of Beihai in PinYin). It is translated to Bank of Northern Sea, and serves mainly the Shandong province.
Provinces
|
- Shaanxi-Gansu
- Chinese Soviet National Bank-Northwest Branch
- Bank of the Anti-Japanese Aggression People's Revolutionary Committee
- Shensi-Kansu Provincial Soviet Bank
- Yenan Border Area Bank
- Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia
- Shensi-Kansu-Shansi Soviet Bank
- Shensi-Kansu-Ninghsia Border Area Bank
- Guanghua Store of Yenan
- Shensi-Kansu-Ninghsia Border Region Trading Company
- Shanxi-Suiyuan (Neimenggu)
- Farmer's Bank of Northwest China
- Suiyuan-Mongolia Border Area Bank
- Shanxi-Chahar (Neimenggu)-Hebei
- Bank of Shansi, Chahar and Hopei
- Seventh Administrative District Shansi-Chahar-Hopei Area Cooperative Society
- Shanxi-Hebei-Henan
- Southern Hopei Bank
- Bank of Chinan
- Shansi-Hopei-Shantung-Honan Border Region Bank
- Hopei-Shantung-Honan Border Area Bank
- Southern Shansi Border Area Bank
- Honan-Hopei Border Area Bank
- Shandong
- Bank of Shangtong
- Bank of West Shantung
- Bank of Bai Hai
- Kiangsu-Shantung Border Area Bank
- Central China
- Bank of Hupeh Regional Bank
- Provincial Treasury of Hupeh-East Hupeh Branch
- Yanfu Bank
- Kiang Hwai Bank of China
- Huainan Bank
- Ta Chiang Bank
- Huaihai Regional Bank
- Hunan-Hupeh Border Construction Bank
- Bank of Kiangnau
- Bank of Central China
- Bank of East Chekiang
- Unknown
- Antung Bank
- Sung Chiang Bank
- Border Area Trading Bureau
- Bank of Mu Dan Kiang
- Suchung Bank
- Huinnung Bank
- Heilungkiang Provincial Bank
|
| Later Period Communist currency in China | Issuing Banks: 1945-1949 |
The Later Period describes banknotes issued during the Chinese civil war until the Nationalist retreated to Taiwan (1945-1949).
After the War War II ended in 1945, a civil war started between the Nationalist and the Communists. Most of northern China was under Communist control, while most of the southern China was controlled by the Nationalists. Near the end of this period, the Nationalists retreated to Taiwan. The 7 banks in red indicate identical banks that survived from the middle period and continue issuing currency during the beginning of the civil war. Note that Chahar province no longer exist and is now part of Inner Mongolia (Neimenggu province of China). Note that Jehol province also no longer exists and was divided and merged into modern Hebei province, Liaoning province, and Inner Mongolia (Neimenggu province).
Provinces
|
- Hebei-Jehol-Liaoning
- Bank of Shansi, Chahar and Hopei
- Bank of Rehher Sheeng
- Bank of Chang Chung
- Jehol Provincial Bank
- Hopei-Jehol-Liaoning Border Area Bank
- Northeast China
- Bank of Inner Chang
- Bank of Kirin
- Bank of Kuantung
- Tung Pei Bank of China
- Southern Hopei Bank
- Bank of Chinan
- Bank of Bai Hai
- Maoigungs Liutingkyan
Hejiang Bank
- Mudanjiang Industrial Bank
- Bank of Nenchiang
- Northwest China
- Farmer's Bank of Northwest China
- Shensi-Kansu-Ninghsia Border Region Trading Company
- Xinjiang
- Inner Mongolia
- Eastern Mongolian Bank
- Bank of Inner Mongolia
- Inner Mongolian People's Bank
- Central Plains
- East China
- South China
- Yu Min Bank
- Hsin Liu Bank
- Fukien-Kwangtung-Kiangsi Border Area Bank
- Southern People's Bank
- Kwangsi-Kweichow-Yunnan Border District Bank
- Unknown
- Shandungsheng Liangshi Zunggy
|
| Modern Communist currency in China | Issuing Banks: 1949-Now |
The Modern Period describes banknotes issued after the civil war and the founding of the People Republic of China (1949-now).
After the civil war against the Nationalist, the People's Republic of China was founded in 1949, and started issuing notes using the entity Peoples Bank of China.
There were Five Series of banknotes. Each later series provided a unique set of banknotes in different denominations and contained better security measures than the series it replaced.
From the beginning of the third series issue, PinYin romanization of Chinese characters were added to the banknotes.
|
|