PlayStation 4 Secrets

This webpage provides information on the Sony PlayStation 4 console (code named Orbis) that arrived in late 2013. It will be updated regularly as more PS4 secrets are uncovered in the public, so visit often for the latest scoop. Please link to this webpage, rather than copy the contents. Because the PS4 can run PS3 games (in High Definition, not Standard Definition mode like NTSC and PAL), you should visit the PS3 Secrets webpage for PS3 specific information. Note that the PS4 has not been released, so the information is not accurate nor predictable 100%, and some technology may end up being in a future model (like the PS5).

Before going into the details, the following chart describes the evolution of PlayStation consoles. With this chart in mind, it is easier to understand the technology discussed in many parts of this webpage.

PlayStation Evolution Chart

Technology	PS1	PS2	PS3	PS4
Disc	CD	DVD	Blu-ray	Blu-ray
Audio	Stereo	Dolby Digital 5.1	Lossless 7.1 Channel	Lossless 7.1 Channel
Storage	1MB Flash	8MB Flash	20GB-160GB Harddrive	500GB Harddrive, Flash, External
Storage speed	NA	NA	1.5Gb/s (SATA-150)	6Gb/s (SATA-600)
Color Depth	True Color	True Color	True Color, Deep Color	Full Deep Color
Color Space	BT.601	BT.601	sRGB, BT.709, x.v.Color	x.v.Color
Controller	Vibration	Vibration	Wireless, Vibration, Motion Sense	Wireless, Vibration, Motion Sense (3D), Wind, Shock
Internet	None	10/100Base-T wired	1000BASE-T wired, Wi-Fi 802.11b/g wireless	1 Gbit Ethernet wired, Wi-Fi 802.11b/g/n wireless
Connection	NA	USB 1.1	USB 2.0, Bluetooth 2.0	USB 3.0, Bluetooth 4.0, WHDI, TransferJet
Display	SDTV (640x480i)	SDTV (640x480p NTSC / PAL)	HDTV (1920x1080p)	4K (3840x2160p)
VRAM	1MB	4MB EDRAM	256MB GDDR3	4092MB GDDR5 (Shared with System RAM)
System RAM	2MB	32MB	256MB XDR	4092MB GDDR5 (Shared with VRAM)
First Released	Dec 3, 1994	Mar 4, 2000	Nov 11, 2006	Late 2013

The PS4 brings along with it next generation gaming with enhanced feedback and sensors for better gaming experiences. It is easier to illustrate these new experiences by giving examples from six game types: an astronaut game; a skydiving game; a regular first person shooter game; a swimming game, a fighting game, and a dancing game. A game having all of the above elements would be even better. The motion detection on your four limbs in 3D (two hands, two feet, and your head) allows the game to detect your location, rotation, and force/velocity of movement. In the astronaut scenario, suppose you are in a game where you are inside a space module about to do a spacewalk outside. As soon as you step outside, where you move your arms and feet will correspond to your avatar on screen. You can probably be lying down or standing while moving your limbs, but your actual on-screen avatar arms, legs, and head will correlate to how you position them in real life. Lets say you are in a slow tumble in space, and you need to move your arm in a certain direction, in a certain time frame, to grab onto the handle bar on the craft, or you will fly off into space during an emergency. Perhaps you also need to install a module into a satellite and you need to SLOWLY and ACCURATELY move your hands in certain direction and motion to get the device inserted correctly, or you will break the device or put too much force into the satellite that it will make the satellite go off orbit. (Similarly, in a swimming game the correct stroke movement will lets you go faster, while wrong ones will slow you down). When you are rotating in space, if your face happens to face the sun, you will get a bright flash in your eyes that makes it hard to see things. This can happing in any game where you face the sun, get hit by a bright light, get hit with a photon weapon directly to your head, or get hit with a flash-bang grenade (which will provide shock as well on your limbs). In skydiving, if you move your four limbs close to your body, you will dive faster, and spreading them out will slow down your descent. Rotating your head will let you see in different directions, similar to how the right stick is used in last generation games. Rotating your limbs ever so slightly left or right will make you drift to the left and right while diving down to earth. When your face is facing down, you will get air blown in your face. (and depending on how many fans, you may get blown in different directions depending on which direction your face is facing earth by detecting your head direction). The air feedback is also good for games where you are running fast, flying in a plane, or scenarios where you are picking up speed (like in a sports car with top down or windows down). When you land without a parachute you will not only get a vibration, but a minor shock on all limbs to let you feel the punishment of death. Similar with first person shooters, some weapons are shock weapons (lightning), and when you get hit, you will get a shock where you got hit with the lightning bolt. Shocks provides punishment feedback whereas vibration just provides regular environmental feedback. The fighting game has obvious benefits, moving your left hand will hit with left, moving your right foot will kick with right foot, etc. Similarly, in the dancing game, how you place your feet (and in some cases your hands) allows you to dance correctly. In essence these next generation feedback and sensors will usher in next generation gaming for the end user.

Another advancement the PlayStation 4 provides is the incorporation of wireless technologies to bring in the next generation of mobility. Depending on the distance, power usage, and purpose, different wireless technologies will be in use. Bluetooth 3.0 is there to provide streaming of data to and from controller, audio, and maybe video peripherals at close distance (less than 5 or 10 meters) with very low power usage to conserve batteries (like the DualShock 4 and Camera). WiFi 802.11n provides internet access or related access point functionality at longer distances using more power. Lastly, if power usage limits are not a problem, WHDI allows the PS4 to broadcast high definition audio and video data without wires, thus removing cumbersome wires from your 4K TV and 7.1 channel speakers. Not all PS4 models will support TransferJet and WHDI to provide lower cost PS4 alternatives. These functionalities can be utilized through the USB 3.0 ports and the HDMI interface.

One last thing that should be noted is that the GDDR5. As consoles move towards being more like the PC and the PC moving towards having more features of the console, this may be an option in the PS4. The upgrading capability would not be a heavily advertised feature (like how the harddrive was not marketed that much on the PS2). It is there for some games that want to push the envelope for hardcore gamers but risk having less market penetration, being unable to run on many user's machines. This is similar to the small percentage of users who upgrade their PC to the max to get better framerate or graphics on only a few games. One day you may purchase not only games for the PS4, but applications that require a USB keyboard and mice, and you can program games or applications to sell in the PlayStation Store to earn PlayStation credits that can be deposited to your bank to make a living like on the PC platform.

PS4 Model Differences
PS4 Audio
PS4 Video
PlayStation 4 Hardware
PS4 Peripherals
PS4 Security
PS4 Networking
The Future
Feedback and Donation

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PS4 Model Differences

The following chart describes the basic differences between various PS4 model numbers. All PS4 models have PS1 compatibility via software emulation. Some PS2 games can be emulated via software. For PS3 compatibility, the PS4 should run them without any problems as they are binary compatible. The chart is semi-ranked from most important to least important feature, taking into consideration possibility of adding back a missing feature. Pink entries indicate not officially released.

Model (Prefix)	WiFi	TransferJet	WHDI	AMD APU/AMD GPU	Max Watts	USB Ports	CD/DVD Support	Harddrive	First Released
CECK-10	b/g/n	Yes	Yes	45nm/55nm	180	4	Yes	360GB	Nov, 2013
CECK-11	b/g/n	No	No	45nm/55nm	180	4	Yes	250GB	Nov, 2013
CECK-12	b/g/n	Yes	Yes	45nm/55nm	180	4	Yes	360GB	Nov, 2013
CECK-13	b/g/n	Yes	Yes	45nm/55nm	180	4	Yes	250GB
CECK-14	b/g/n	Yes	Yes	45nm/55nm	180	4	Yes	400GB	Aug, 2014
CECK-15	b/g/n	Yes	Yes	45nm/55nm	180	4	Yes	400GB
CECK-16	b/g	No	Yes	32nm/45nm	130	2	No	300GB	Oct, 2014
CECK-17	b/g	Yes	No	32nm/45nm	130	2	No	300GB	Oct, 2014
CECK-18	b/g	Yes	Yes	32nm/45nm	130	2	No	300GB
CECK-19	b/g	Yes	Yes	32nm/45nm	110	2	No	300GB	Aug, 2014
CECK-20	b/g	No	No	32nm/45nm	110	2	No	250GB	Aug, 2014
CECK-21	b/g	Yes	Yes	32nm/45nm	110	2	No	400GB	Aug, 2014
CECK-22	b/g	No	No	32nm/45nm	110	2	No	250GB	Aug, 2014
CECK-23	b/g	Yes	Yes	32nm/45nm	110	2	No	400GB
CECK-24	b/g	Yes	Yes	32nm/45nm	110	2	No	400GB
CECK-25	b/g	Yes	Yes	32nm/45nm	110	2	No	1TB	Oct, 2015

Note that the PS4 model number prefix from above needs a two digit number appended at the end to designate a region. Therefore, append a two digit Code (suffix) from below to arrive at the actual PS4 model number. For example, a Japanese 360GB PS4 would be designated CECK-1000, while the one in North America would be designated CECK-1001.

Code (Suffix)	Region	First Release Date	First Model Released	HVD/Blu-ray Region
00	Japan	Nov 11,2013	CECKA00	A
01	North America	Nov 17, 2013	CECKA01	A
02	Australia / New Zealand	Mar 23/23, 2014	CECKC02	B
03	U.K. / Ireland	Mar 23, 2014	CECKC03	B
04	Europe / Middle East / Africa	Mar 23/22/23, 2014	CECKC04	B
05	South Korea	Jun 16, 2014	CECKE05	A
06	Singapore / Malaysia	Mar 07, 2014	CECKA06	A
07	Taiwan	Nov 17, 2013	CECKA07	A
08	Russia / India	Apr 20/27, 2014	CECKC08	C
09	China			C
10	?
11	Mexico	Aug 27, 2014	CECKE11	A
12	Hong Kong	Nov 17, 2013	CECKA12	A

Sometimes special promotions are created by Sony that introduce or bundle new color, games, or peripherals with a PS4. These promotional PS4 often have additional suffixes added to the model numbers. For example: CECK-2001 MG. Although extra games or peripherals are included, the basic PS4 machine follows the same specs as the model prefix. So in this case, the example PS4 above would have the same specs as a CECKE PS4. The following is a chart listing the special models.

Code (Suffix)	Description
CW	Ceramic White PS4
MG	Metal Gear Solid 5 Game included
SS	Satin Silver PS4

Sometimes promotional PS4 are released. Included in these special one-time offers are the Metal Gear Solid PS4 bundles released in Japan. CEJK-10001, CEJK-10002, and CEJK-10003.

Blu-ray, DVD, PS4, PS3, PS2, and PlayStation (PSone) compatibility with PS4

The above PS4 Model chart also displays the compatibility of PS4 with the various video and games formats.

Game compatibility

PS4 games are not region locked, but they are released and labelled with numerical regions codes (which seems to match Blu-ray region codes). Any PS4 game from any region will play in any PS4. However, there is the special situation when you try to play back the game in High Definition. If your display only has High Definition (720p, 1080i, 1080p) support, your PS4 game must have the same High Definition support, or you won't be able to play it. This is not a problem if you have a 4K display that allows 1440p, 2160i, and 2160p support in 4K, but there exists the possibility to region lock (based on game region) games if the publisher decides to do so. All PS4 games have a serial number containing a four character prefix, followed by a five digit suffix.

The PS4 supports PS2 games via emulation when you download from the PlayStation Network. Disc based PS2 games are not supported. Not all titles can be emulated, so some titles will never be in the PlayStation Network Store.

The PS4 supports all PS1 games as long as they are downloadable from the PlayStation Network Store. Disc based PS1 games are not supported.

Movie compatibility

For video, the Blu-ray discs are divided into three (A, B, or C) main regions which must match the region of your PS4 for playback. The initial HVD discs that were released supported region codes, but were not enforced, so a PS4 can play discs from any region (this might change in the future).

Compatibility Notes

Note that Blu-ray uses the same region coding methods and country division.

As for model releases and dates, note that although the PS4 was not officially released in China, the majority of them are actually made there, so you can find all sorts of models in that country. The region codes for China designate what they should be if an official PS4 was released.

PS4 Audio

The PS4 supports many different audio formats, either disc based, network streaming, or via fixed and removable flash storage like the internal harddrive and external memory cards. In addition, because most of the advanced audio support is done via software on the AMD APU, the feature list is constantly changing. The following information is based on the latest firmware at the time of this writing. Feel free to come back for updates to the compatibility charts that follows. You need to purchase an Audio (and/or Video) Receiver that support "HDMI in" to enjoy 5.1, 7.1, or 7.1 surround channels. Basic HDMI 1.1 that has 7.1 outputs for speakers (and a passthrough HDMI for the video to your 4K TV) is recommended. 7.1 channels is like 5.1, but two extra speakers are for surround speakers behind you. High end AV receivers are available to purchase online here. Because of the various ways to connect your speakers to the PS4, how you choose the connection determines the quality of the audio output. Disc storage of music became obsolete with the introduction of downloadable music from the internet. Now all retail music is bought digitally over the internet. There are two main stages in the PS3 to get audio (in digital form on your harddrive) to your speakers (in analog form).

Stage	Process	Resultant Format	PS4 Connection	Connection Type
1	Obtain digital audio (encoded and compressed) from storage device	Bitstream	HDMI	Digital
2	Decode and uncompress digital audio	Linear PCM	HDMI	Digital

Digital versus Analog

The PS4 can do all of the stages above, but depending on the connection, it may skip some of the later stages if you have the right equipment that can handle it. The main audio output on the PS4 is the HDMI. HDMI is a digital connection. HDMI can support more than two channels of audio (up to 7.1 for HDMI). The decoding to analog form is via your external Audio Receiver or your 4K TV. The PS4 does not support AV Multi like in the PS3, so it does not do the decoding to analog.

Bitstream versus Linear PCM

The PS4 provides options for either "Bitstream" or "Linear PCM" when outputing the audio signal. This option is located in the "Settings->HVD/BD Settings->HVD/BD Audio Output Format(HDMI)" setting of your XMB. Linear PCM is audio data that is not encoded (nor compressed) and is in it's pure digital form, ready for conversion into analog for the speakers. A regular CD stores all its songs in Linear PCM form. Most audio starting with the DVD store digital data encoded and compressed (like Dolby Digital or Digital Surround). If "Bitstream" option is selected, the PS4 will take this encoded and compressed audio and send it untouched to the HDMI cable for your external decoder to decode. In other words, the receiver at the other end of the HDMI must have special chips that can decode and uncompress formats like Dolby Digital and DTS Digital Surround, and then convert the resultant Linear PCM to analog (via a DAC) for the speakers connected to the external decoder. If "Linear PCM" option is selected, the PS4 will actually decode the audio into Linear PCM first, before sending it to the HDMI. In this case the receiver on the other end of the HDMI only needs to convert the Linear PCM to analog for the speakers connected to it. Because of the current bandwidth limitations of HDMI, choosing Linear PCM (the decoded and uncompressed signal) on this connection limits you to only 7.1 channels of audio.

Audio Storage Formats

As disc based storage medium became popular it was feasible to store audio digitally. In order to store multiple channels (up to 7.1) efficiently, many formats that took advantage of compression and encoding were invented. The first digital format was basically the CD (redbook), which stored 44.1kHz of Linear PCM (unencoded and already decompressed). The DVD introduced 48kHz sample rate, and many types of encoding. These became obsolete with the introduction of digital download of music. You can, however, purchase collections stored on HVD and Blu-ray discs. Note that the earlier models of PS4 supported CD and DVD discs, but later models no longer read these discs to save costs. The following table describes the various audio formats (those in pink are not supported by PS4).

Storage Type	Audio Format	Storage Format	Compression Format	Channels	Bits	Sampling frequency	Bitrate	Protection
Blu-ray Disc	Linear PCM	Linear PCM	None	7.1	16	48kHz	4.6Mbit/s	AACS
Blu-ray Disc	Dolby TrueHD	Dolby TrueHD	MLP (Lossless)	7.1 (max 14)	up to 24	96kHz (max 192kHz)	up to 18Mbit/s	AACS
Blu-ray Disc	Dolby Digital Plus	E-AC-3	Perceptual Coding (Lossy)	7.1	~20 (16 - 24)	48kHz	up to 1.7Mbit/s	AACS
Blu-ray Disc	Dolby Digital	AC-3	Perceptual Coding (Lossy)	5.1	~20 (16 - 24)	48kHz	640kbit/s	AACS
Blu-ray Disc	dts-HD Master Audio		Lossless	8	up to 24	96kHz	up to 25.4Mbit/s	AACS
Blu-ray Disc	dts-HD HR Audio			8	up to 24	96kHz	up to 6Mbit/s	AACS
Blu-ray Disc	dts Digital Surround	Coherent Acoustics	Perceptual Coding (Lossy)	5.1	~20 (16 - 24)	48kHz	1.509Mbit/s, 754kbit/s	AACS
Virtual	AAC			48		8kHz - 96kHz
Virtual	MP4
Virtual	MP3			5.1		16kHz - 48kHz	320kbit/s
Virtual	WMV (VC-1)
Virtual	ATRAC
Virtual	WAV

"Bitstream"ing of Dolby TrueHD audio is supported on the PS4. The PS4 can do Linear PCM or bitstream via the HDMI cable. dts-HD Master Audio is likewise supported in Linear PCM and bitstream.

Audio Compatibility Chart

PS4 Compatiblity	Bitstream (HDMI)	LPCM (HDMI)	Bitstream (HDMI)	LPCM (HDMI)
Linear PCM 7.1	Yes	Yes	No	No
Dolby TrueHD 7.1	Yes	Yes	No	Yes (7.1)
Dolby TrueHD 7.1	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes (7.1)
Dolby Digital Plus	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes (7.1)
Dolby Digital	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes (7.1)
dts-HD MA (7.1)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes (7.1)
dts-HD MA (7.1)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes (7.1)
dts Digital Surround	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes (7.1)

For dts, backward compatibility is built into format. The dts Digital Surround (5.1) is the basic core of dts, which is 48kHz at 5.1 channels. dts-HD High Resolution Audio is lossy, but provides 24bit/96kHz for 8 (7.1) channels. dts-HD Master Audio is the only lossless version of dts at 8 (7.1) channels. These two dts-HD formats both contain the basic dts Digital Surround (core 5.1) as a fallback for older decoders.

PS4 Video

The PS4 has two main display options when playing back a game or video via the two video output ports: HDMI. Each supports carrying a variety of signals, including 4K, while has fallback for regular HDMI carrying a maximum of Full HD. Note that the other end of the HDMI cable connected to the actual display can have different type of connection plug(s) depending on the cable you buy. The following is a breakdown of the different signals and max resolutions using different cables and connection types.

Connection to PS4	Connection to Display	Connection Type	Signals Carried	Maximum Resolution	Notes
HDMI	HDMI	Digital	RGB or YCbCr	1920x1080p	Display requires HDCP support
HDMI	DVI-D	Digital	RGB	1920x1080p	Display requires HDCP support

Previous generation consoles (like the PS3) used the High Definition TV (HDTV) primarly, but as display technology got improved in computers, it exceeded the capability of HDTV. As a result, 4K TVs were created that allowed the TV to catch up with current display technologies. The main improvements in 4K are: even higher resolution, more color depth, and larger color space.

These improvements are easier to understand when you know the technology used in the PS4 that handles displays. The PS4 normally uses a graphics chip (called the AMD GPU) that has inside of it a memory buffer to hold data for all the colored dots that represent a picture on a screen. This information is sent to the video output, and the memory buffer is again filled with data for the next picture to be sent. Sending these pictures 120 times a second allows you to have video or games with 120 frames per second. Each colored dot is actually called a pixel, and each pixel value is represented in RGB. RGB stands for the primary colors of Red Green Blue. Combining different intensities of these primary colors allow you to reproduce different colors. Most LCD displays have a Red LED, Blue LED, and Green LED for each pixel to light it in any color. In the PS4, current technology use 16 bits to represent 65536 (0-65535) possible data values of brightness intensities for each of the R, G, and B component in a pixel. Therefore, in a pixel, the maximum brightness value for R, G, or B is 65535, and the lowest is 0. Since each of the R, G, and B takes up 16 bits, the total bits needed to represent a dot (pixel) on the screen is 48 bits.

Given the above information, a "color range" would be defined by the possible colors that can be output from the three LEDs of RGB. LEDs that support the brightest intensity (value 65535) and look the darkest when off (value 0), would have a larger color range or color gamut than low quality LEDs. A "color space" standard would define what those light intensities are, how the color should look, and how bright or dark they should be for given values of 0-65535 in each of the RGB. Devices that support the standard must look the same when given same color values from RGB. In this case, the PS4 normally supports the x.v.Color color space standard, but is has a backward-compatible to support sRGB and BT.709 (HDTV) color space standard. Similarly, the "color depth" would be defined as number of bits to represent each dot or pixel, and normally in the PS4 it is 48 bits per pixel (16 bits for each primary value of RGB). The "resolution" would be defined as the total dots going across and total dots going down for a screenful of data sent out of the AMD GPU, for example 2560x1440 for 2560 dots across and 1440 dots down.

Besides RGB, another common video display technology you should be aware of is YPbPr and YCbCr. RGB video display technology divides colors into Red, Green, and Blue primary colors and normally stores and sends these data separately as R, G, and B. YCbCr divides colors into Luma (Y) and Chroma (CrCb) and sends these separately as Y, Cr, and Cb. Y is the brightness (from black to grey to white), while Cr and Cb subtracts red and blue elements from Y to get the final correct pixel color. It is possible to convert between RGB and YCbCr. YCbCr and YPbPr differ mainly in that YCbCr is digital and YPbPr is analog.

The PS4 can output HDMI signals to the display: digital RGB or digital YCbCr. When playing games or using the XMB, you will always be using digital RGB because the AMD GPU manipulates the data in RGB. HVD movies, Blu-ray, and AVCHD stores video data in digital YCbCr, so when you play back these content using a HDMI connection, you can select (via options) whether you want the PS4 to convert to RGB first then output, or just output YCbCr directly. If your display is not using 4K, then the image data (game, XMB, or video) is further converted to lower resolution HDTV depending on your connection type.

Supported PS4 Video Formats	Extension
MPEG-1	.mpg .mpeg
MPEG-2 PS	.m2v
MPEG-2 TS	.m2v
MPEG-4 SP	.mp4
MPEG-4 AVC HP	.mp4
AVI	.avi
DivX	.divx
WMV	.wmv
AVCHD	.mts .m2ts

PS4 Resolution (Full HD to 4K)

The PlayStation 4 has support for "4K" resolution, which is generally defined as supporting the maximum resolution of 3840x2160p. The "p" signifies progressive, rather than "i" for interlaced. Progressive means each image (picture sent out of AMD's "R10XX" (Southern Islands) architecture GPU) is shown from top to bottom all at once rather than interleaving odd and even lines during each screen cycle (field). Previous television standards use HD (High Definition).

These are the resolutions supported by the PS4:

Display Definition	PS4 Resolution
4K	3840x2160p
4K	3840x2160i
4K	2560x1440p
Full High Definition (HDTV)	1920x1080p
High Definition (HDTV)	1920x1080i
High Definition (HDTV)	1280x720p

It is important that you get a display that has the highest resolution possible (3840x2160p). Because your 4K will scale and stretch any signal that is not native to its display size, you should also purchase games or video that can be output in the resolution of your display. Many PS4 games these days are able to software scale and stretch so the signal matches 3840x2160p, but the internal rendering resolution is actually lower. In many cases, the buffer is rendered in multiple passes before it gets passed to the 4K TV. Each pass may be software scaled and stretched, or not, so you may get blocky and non-blocky images together on your display. Note that VGA (carries analog RGBHV signals) common in computer displays is not supported by the PS4.

The standard software development kit from Sony given to game developers provide the following basic resolutions that can be scaled and streched to 3840x2160p via API calls:

3200x2160p
2880x2160p
2560x2160p
1920x2160p
1600x1080p
1440x1080p
1280x1080p
960x1080p

Note that the developer can always directly render to the buffer at a higher resolution in separate passes to provide better details like for example the Heads-Up Display and detailed photos and images inside the game.

PS4 Color Space (sRGB to x.v.Color)

sRGB, and BT.709

A color space standard defines a specific range of colors, and how they should look from devices like 4K TV. 4K TV uses x.v.Color color space standard. HDTV uses BT.709 (compatible with BT.601) color space standard, and computer displays uses sRGB (compatible with BT.709) color space standard. The PS4 supports x.v.Color in 4K displays via HDMI, but can output regular HDMI when playing back PS3 games for compatibility. The PS4 AMD GPU buffer stores images in digital 16-bit RGB format, in the x.v.Color color space. HVD movies are stored in x.v.Color YCbCr format on disc and is output in YCbCr (x.v.Color) or converted first to 16-bit primary RGB (x.v.Color color space) depending on your setup options.

x.v.Color and PS3 games

Because x.v.Color is standard in HDMI and 4K TV displays, older PS3 games have their color space remapped from sRGB color space to x.v.Color space for compatibility with old 4K TV displays.

In order to utilize this larger color space, the storage medium (AVCHD), processor (PS4) and display (4K) all must be able to support x.v.Color. x.v.Color in PS4 uses 16 bits per primary color. To incorporate this wider color space, the 4K TV must have better individual LEDs with the lowest darkness and highest brightness that fall within x.v.Color guidelines.

The following chart describes the x.v.Color color space specification and compares it with other standards.

Type	Visible Coverage	Wasted Coverage	Description
BT.601	35%	0%	Previous TV Standard
BT.709	35%	0%	Previous HDTV Standard
Standard RGB (sRGB)	35%	0%	Previous PC Standard
Adobe RGB (aRGB)	50%	0%	Used in Photography
x.v.Color	63% ?	?	Current Generation 4K TV
Adobe Wide Gamut RGB	77.6%	8%	Used in Photography
CIE-LAB	100%	0%	Total possible for human eyes

Note that the main purpose of x.v.Color is not complete coverage of CIE-LAB, but complete coverage of another standard called Munsell Color System (which was first used for describing paint colors). In that system, sRGB only covers about 55%, while x.v.Color has 100% converage. Therefore, the above 63% of x.v.Color is a calculated figure. x.v.Color is not supported in DVD discs, and is currently not supported in Blu-ray discs either. x.v.Color is currently supported in AVCHD videos. x.v.Color is standard in PS4 games and XMB, along with Full Deep Color.

PS4 Color depth (Deep Color to Full Deep Color)

The number of bits used on the PS4 to display a single pixel of color is 48 bits, with 16 bits used for each of the Red, Green, and Blue primary colors. This is the same maximum color depth in the PS3 and is called Full Deep Color. If you have a HDMI RGB connection, Full Deep Color expands the number of bits per pixel to 48 bits total (16-bits per primary color). The increase in bits provide the PS4 with the ability to use more colors in a given color space standard, allowing gradual transitions between two similar colors, lessening banding effects.

The following chart describes the various Deep Color specifications compared to previous standards.

Type	Total Bits Per Pixel	Bits Per Primary (RGB)	Primary RGB Values	Max Colors	Description
High Color	16 bits	5 bits	32	32768	Old PC standard
True Color	24 bits	8 bits	256	16,777,216	Previous PS3/PC standard
Deep Color	30 bits	10 bits	1024	1,073,741,824	Previous Generation HDTV
Deep Color	36 bits	12 bits	4096	68,719,476,736	Previous Generation HDTV
Full Deep Color	48 bits	16 bits	65536	281,474,976,710,656	Current Generation 4K TV

4K TVs have display controllers that can manipulate the sending of brightness voltage to the LEDs in incremental values. For 16 bit controllers you can send 65536 distinct voltages (valued from 0 to 65535) to the LED, with 65535 representing the maximum voltage possible, and 0 representing the lowest possible. To support Full Deep Color, 16 bit controllers would need to be implemented so that they support incremental voltage values to the LEDs ranging from 0-65535 for 48 bit per pixel displays. Note that you also need a PS4 game or XMB that outputs 48 bits per pixel (PS3 games usually is 24 bits per pixel) in digital 16 bit per primary RGB via HDMI. So when you are playing golf, the course will look amazingly lifelike. If you are playing back HVD movies, Full Deep Color in the x.v.Color space is supported, and you can either output this directly to the HDMI, or convert to 16 bit per primary color RGB for your 4K display.

x.v.Color together with Full Deep Color

Having a bigger color space of x.v.Color but only 30 bits (10 bits per primary color) to represent all the fine granularity in the wider range of colors actually creates a worse picture because banding would be more prominent (each RGB LED component still lights up in 1024 value increments, but now with a wider range of intensity or brightness). To keep the color banding down, Full Deep Color support (with the greater number color granularity possible using more bits) is usually included along with x.v.Color in 4K TV displays. Similarly, if you have Full Deep Color but a normal BT.709 color space display (not x.v.Color) the technology may have been wasted. To give an example, in a 48 bit per pixel Deep Color display (16 bit per primary), if the LEDs do not have a wide enough range of brightness (x.v.Color), it would be difficult if not impossible to manipulate micro LED voltages for 65536 possible voltage increments (Full Deep Color). In other words, the longer the string, the easier it is to chop it up into many tiny pieces (65536 pieces for 48 bit per pixel Deep Color).

PlayStation 4 Hardware

PS4 Motherboard

The PS4 motherboard looks like the later PS3 motherboards (no PS2 compatibility chips).

The architecture of the PS4 motherboard divides the main pieces of the system into 4096MB GDDR5 memory, AMD APU, AMD GPU, and 4096GB GDDR5. The HDMI display is connected to the 4096GB GDDR5 (the video memory). The communication path also lines up in that order. Therefore, communication with the 4096MB GDDR5 memory must go through AMD APU, and communication with the GDDR5 must go through the AMD GPU. Below has more info on each of the components.

Main System Memory

The PS4 has 4096MB of GDDR5 main system memory.

AMD APU (CPU)

Orbis contains eight Jaguar cores at 1.6 Ghz, arranged as two "clusters"
Each cluster contains 4 cores and a shared 2MB L2 cache
256-bit SIMD operations, 128-bit SIMD ALU
SSE up to SSE4, as well as Advanced Vector Extensions (AVX)
One hardware thread per core
Decodes, executes and retires at up to two intructions/cycle
Out of order execution
Per-core dedicated L1-I and L1-D cache (32Kb each)
Two pipes per core yield 12,8 GFlops performance
102.4 GFlops for system

AMD GPU

GPU is based on AMD's "R10XX" (Southern Islands) architecture
DirectX 11.1+ feature set
Liverpool is an enhanced version of the architecture
18 Compute Units (CUs)
Hardware balanced at 14 CUs
Shared 512 KB of read/write L2 cache
800 Mhz
1.843 Tflops, 922 GigaOps/s
Dual shader engines
18 texture units
8 Render backends

AMD GPU Libraries

The AMD GPU is dedicated to 3D graphics, and developers are able to use different API libraries to access its features. The easiest way is to use high level PSGL2, which is basically OpenGL 3.0. At a lower level developers can use LibGCM2, which is an API that talks to the AMD GPU at a lower level. PSGL2 is actually implemented on top of LibGCM2. For the advanced programmer, you can program the AMD GPU by sending commands to it directly using calls in C or assembly. This can be done by setting up commands (via FIFO Context) and DMA Objects and issuing them to the AMD GPU via DMA calls.

PS4 Flash memory

The PS4 has 256 megabytes of flash memory to store firmware boot-up code. The firmware data can be downloaded automatically from the internet via the PS4, or manually (location: http://www.jp.playstation.com/ps4/update/ ) To prevent errors, Error Correcting Code (ECC) Checksum is added/used on the data in the PS4 flash chips. Note that the flash is only used to boot up the PS4, with the rest of the operating system loaded in from the harddrive (includes the XMB operating system).

PS4 HDMI chip

The PS4 outputs HDMI protocols, which has deep color and 7.1 channel advanced audio transmission. It also supports 3D.

Harddrive

The PS4 uses a SATA 3 (SATA-600) controller that has a transfer speed of 6 Gb/s. For compatibility, you should not use SATA-300 (sometimes called SATA-II or SATA2) or SATA-150 (SATA) drives, with their slower 3.0 Gb/s and 1.5 Gb/s speeds, respectively.

PS4 Wireless Modules

The PS4 contains two wireless technologies, Wi-Fi 802.11b/g/n and Bluetooth 3.0.

The Wi-Fi module allows the PS4 to communicate with an access point and Sony PS Vita devices.

The Bluetooth allows connecting to Bluetooth devices and the Dualshock4 controllers.

Note that TransferJet is supported on the PS4 as an alternative way to transfer files to the PS4 harddrive from the PSP3 (also supports this), or another mobile device, in lieu of a Memory Stick.

PS4 Heatsink

The PS4 uses Furukawa Electric heatsinks to cool the AMD APU and AMD GPU chips. Separate AMD APU and AMD GPU cooling is used, without using heatpipes.

PS4 Power Supply

All the PS4 models have a built in universal power supply. What this means is that even though a specific voltage is written on the outside of the PS4, the PS4 can actually be plugged into any voltage anywhere in the world and work (as long as you have the correct cable).

PS4 Peripherals

PS4 specific peripherals have a CECKZ prefix. Also listed are peripherals that are compatible with the PS4 (like the PlayStation Super Eye). All wireless PS4 peripherals utilize SuperCapacitor (or UltraCapacitor) batteries. These batteries charge in less than 90 seconds, and can be recharged/discharged almost indefinately, unlike traditional lithium ion batteries that take hours to charge and wear out in about 3 years time.

Model Number	Name	Description
CECKZC2	DualShock 4	(SCPK-98050) DC 3.7V, 300mA The main controller that can vibrate and also shock you, in addition to detecting location in 3D space (one for each hand). The DualShock 4 comes with two ankle bands (QuadShock) that detect your feet in 3D space, and can also vibrate and shock them. You can extend the functionality of the DualShock 4 by also purchasing the Wireless HeadShock Helmet (see below).
CECKZK1	Wireless Keypad	(SCPK-98048) DC 3.7V Attaches to the DualShock 4 main controller (left or right hand) and allows keyboard input.
CECKZR1	HVD Disc Remote Controller	(SCPK-98046) Allows you to control the Holographic disc playback via a more standard controller, rather than using the DualShock 4.
CEJK-15001	PlayStation Super Eye	(SCPK-98047, SLEK-00201, SLEK-00203) DC 5V, 500mA This is a camera for the PS4 that supports capturing images at 240 frames per second at 640x480 resolution and 120 frames per second at 1280�960 resolution.
CEJK-15002	Project Morpheus	(SCPK-98095) Bluetooth 3.0 helmet that provides multi directional sound in 7.1 channels (the two extra channels are top of your head and below your ears), and can also take voice input. This peripheral extends the DualShock 4 and QuadShock inputs to include your head. The HeadShock helmet has miniature fans that can blow air in your face at different angles and speed, light up your eyes in different colors and intensity, and can vibrate and shock you at different points on your head. It can also detect your head movement and location in 3D.
SLEK-00202	HDMI Cable (3 meters)	For connecting the PS4 with 4K TV's.

Note that similar to the PS4 model numbers, the peripherals also have a suffix that you add to indicate what region the peripheral was made for. Only peripherals starting with model number prefix CECKZ follows this numeration. For example, the Japanese Sixaxis would have a model number of CECKZC1J. The following is a chart indicating what each suffix stands for. Most peripherals are normally released in Japan first, and that peripheral (with the J suffix) may be used for the rest of the world, if other suffixes are not produced.

Suffix	Description
A	?
E	Europe
H	Hong Kong
J	Japan
K	Korea
R	Russia
T	Taiwan
U	United States

Others

The PlayStation 4 supports many USB 3.0 peripherals, including those originally sold for the PC. For example, you can plug in the wireless dongle from one of Microsoft's wireless Keyboard/Mouse system and end up using only one of the USB ports for two devices (mouse and keyboard). In addition, you can purchase USB PC versions of PS3-like controllers, and they would work on the PS4 (but would be missing the middle PlayStation 4 button). In addition, you can link up bluetooth devices to the PS4 (bluetooth earpieces from mobile phones for example).

Evolution of poker on PlayStation

A category of games on the PlayStation systems that really have evolved is the poker games. From the Card Shark classic game for PS1 up until the great High Stakes on the Vegas Strip: poker edition title for the PS3. poker games have proven their worth on consoles such as the PlayStation and we just look forward to see what's next on the PlayStation 4.

PS4 Networking

The PlayStation 4 has a 100 Gigabit Ethernet port (some models include Wi-Fi to connect wirelessly via an Access Point), allowing connection to the internet for websurfing and downloading games off of the PlayStation Store. If Wi-Fi 802.11 b/g/n is supported in the PS4, then you can also use the PS Vita to control and view PS4 content and games.

DLNA (Digital Living Network Alliance)

The PS4 supports being a recipient of streamed video or audio content. It does this via supporting the DLNA protocol. To enable this feature, simply have a server (a computer running Linux or Windows) running an application (like Windows Media Player) that support DLNA.

The Future

The PS4 is a very powerful multi-media game machine and computer, with evolving features. One of the major growth path of the PS4 is upgrading to HDMI compliant 4K TV and AV receivers that can handle next generation audio and video formats. Currently, the PS4 fills the void in the home, while the PS Vita fills the void for mobile computing. The PlayStation 5 (PS5) is not far off, and if the PS5 is a PS4 shrunk into the size of the PS Vita, then technology will have better caught up with demand. It seems a mobile PS5 that can plug into a big screen via HDMI, and has capabilities of touchscreen, miniature speakers, digital camera, multi-array microphone, mobile phone, FM/AM radio, TV reception, GPS, motion sensing (accelerometer), local connections (Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and/or IrDA), and projection glasses output, will bring in the next generation personal technical device. This device would, of course, be able to have it's own static ip to host servers for webpages and other types of next generation internet services, or web protocols.

Information about the PS5 should be easy to predict, however. The PS3 used Blu-ray format; the PS4 uses holographic disc (HVD or something similar); and the PS5 will use digitally protected solid state sticks that can store 1 Terabyte each. The PS3 had lossless 7.1 channel sound; the PS4 has 7.1 channels (includes speakers on top of your head and below you); and the PS5 will use variable number of mobile speakers (instead of speakers fixed in a position, they will move around you to simulate audio around you. The more speakers you have the more channels supported. This technology is cheaper when built into a helmet). The PS3 had HDTV display; the PS4 Quad Full High Definition (4K TV), and allows wearable projected displays; and the PS5 will support projected displays (you wear goggles or glasses that has extremely high resolution imagery). The PS3 had mandatory harddrive; the PS4 has huge storage capabilities (flash, harddrive, or external); the PS5 will use the same solid state sticks technology, but writeable, and users can elect to have the storage stored outside the PS5 system and accessed via high speed network. The PS3 had internet connection built-in (wired 1000BASE-T and wireless 802.11b/g); the PS4 has built-in 100 Gigabit Ethernet wired (or even faster optical) and 802.11n or faster wireless internet connection; and the PS5 will use high speed fiber optic wired and next generation wireless (token ring based so there is less congestion). The PS3 had wireless, vibrating, motion-sensing controllers; the PS4 has wireless, motion-sensing, wearable controllers that detect not just hand movements, but your feet, head, or other appendages in 3D, and can not just vibrate your various appendages, but blow air in your face, flash different lights in your eyes, and even shock you in different places too; and the PS5 will have similar technology, but the battery will be recharged remotely via wireless power transmission.

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